Methodology & Data Sources

A transparent account of where our market data comes from, how the simulator works under the hood, and what it cannot do.

Data sources

U.S. equities use publicly available end-of-day OHLCV data covering major listings (AAPL, MSFT, GOOGL, AMZN, NVDA, TSLA, META, and similar large-cap names). Crypto candles come from the Binance public REST API and cover BTC, ETH, SOL, and other top-volume pairs. Both feeds refresh nightly. We use only publicly accessible data — no paywalled vendor feeds.

Date ranges and randomization

For each simulator session we pick a random historical window from the dataset so users cannot memorize outcomes. Stock windows go back to 2015 for most symbols; crypto windows cover 2017–present. Date ranges shown to users are the actual historical dates from the raw feed.

Chart rendering

Candles are drawn as native SVG inside React components using the unmodified OHLCV values — no smoothing, repainting, or synthetic candles. Volume bars are scaled to the session high. Indicator overlays (SMA, EMA, RSI, Bollinger Bands, MACD, VWAP) are computed from the same raw OHLCV using textbook formulas.

Simulation mechanics

Users see one candle at a time. A decision (buy / hold / sell / size) is committed before the next candle is revealed. Fills happen at the next candle's open price. We model a basic 0.05% spread on stocks and 0.10% on crypto plus a small flat commission so equity curves do not look unrealistic. Slippage on illiquid moves is not modeled in detail — see Limitations.

Pattern definitions

Candlestick pattern names (hammer, doji, bullish engulfing, shooting star, marubozu, morning star, etc.) follow Steve Nison's "Japanese Candlestick Charting Techniques" as the primary reference, cross-checked against John Murphy's "Technical Analysis of the Financial Markets" where indicators are involved. Where sources disagree, the article explicitly notes the disagreement.

Limitations

The simulator does not model: real-time order book depth, partial fills on size, exchange outages, dividend/split adjustments beyond the source feed, after-hours liquidity for stocks, or maker/taker fee tiers for crypto. Results in the simulator should be interpreted as ordinal practice signal, not as an expected real-money return.

Reporting data errors

If a candle, indicator, or pattern looks wrong, email support@onecandleahead.app with the symbol, date, and what you expected. Confirmed data issues are patched in the next nightly refresh and noted in a public changelog when material.

Further reading

Steve Nison — Japanese Candlestick Charting Techniques (1991). John Murphy — Technical Analysis of the Financial Markets (1999). CFA Institute curriculum on technical analysis. Binance API docs (api.binance.com).

Last updated

2026-05-07

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Educational disclaimer

One Candle Ahead is an educational paper-trading simulator. It does not provide financial advice, investment recommendations, brokerage, exchange services, real-money trading, or guaranteed results.